When faced with the decision about a pregnancy, many people turn to a medical abortion. Approximately 53% of abortions in the United States are performed using a medical abortion, commonly referred to as “the abortion pill.” 1 This method requires the administration of mifepristone (Mifeprex) and misoprostol (Cytotec), offering a non-surgical option for abortion.
But how effective are abortion pills, and what can you expect during the process?
This article provides a look at how abortion pills work, their effectiveness, what to expect after taking them, and the importance of follow-up care. We’ll also explore other options to help you make an informed decision.
How Abortion Pills Work
Understanding how abortion pills work can provide clarity about the process. Medication abortion involves two key medications: mifepristone and misoprostol. Each plays a distinct role in terminating a pregnancy.
Mifepristone
This drug serves as the initial phase in a medication-induced abortion process. It operates by blocking the action of progesterone 2 a hormone vital for pregnancy continuation. Progesterone is responsible for sustaining the uterine lining and the embryo. When this hormone’s action is blocked by mifepristone, the lining of the uterus becomes thinner, disrupting the embryo’s ability to remain implanted within the uterus.
Misoprostol
Typically taken 24-48 hours 3 after mifepristone, misoprostol completes the process. This drug causes the cervix to soften and dilate and induces uterine contractions. These contractions expel the pregnancy tissue through the vagina, resulting in cramping and bleeding. The experience is often accompanied by intense cramping and heavier bleeding.
What You Should Know About Abortion Pills?
After taking the abortion pills, it’s essential to understand the typical experiences and symptoms to anticipate.
Here’s an overview:
Bleeding and Cramping
These are the initial physical responses to taking abortion pills. The bleeding4 usually starts within a few hours after taking misoprostol and can last for several days to weeks. The bleeding is expected to be heavier than that of a regular period and may include clots. It’s common to experience intense cramping as the uterus contracts to remove the pregnancy tissue.
Timing
The process usually begins within 1 to 4 hours5 after taking misoprostol, and the most intense cramping and bleeding typically occur within the first 4 to 6 hours. Some women may experience intermittent cramping and spotting for several days after the initial heavy bleeding subsides.
Other Symptoms
In addition to cramping and bleeding, some people may experience nausea6 vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, chills, or fever. Typically, these symptoms are brief and diminish within one to two days. It’s crucial to stay hydrated and rest as much as possible during this time.
Emotional Responses
The emotional impact of a medication abortion can vary widely. Some people feel relief, while others may experience sadness, guilt, or mixed emotions. It’s important to seek emotional support from friends, family, or counselors.
Care After Using Abortion Pills
Ensuring complete follow-up care is vital for your health and well-being after a medication abortion.
Here’s what you can expect and should do post-abortion:
Follow-Up Appointment
Schedule a follow-up visit with your healthcare provider within 1 to 2 weeks after the abortion. This appointment is vital to verify that the abortion has been completed and to assess any potential complications.
Managing Side Effects
Your healthcare provider will guide you on managing common side effects such as cramping, nausea, and bleeding. Pain relievers available without a prescription, like ibuprofen, can alleviate pain from cramps. Maintaining hydration and getting plenty of rest while recovering is also crucial.
Emotional Support
Post-abortion emotional support is just as important as physical care. If you’re facing emotional challenges, think about getting counseling or becoming part of a support group. Many healthcare providers can offer referrals to mental health professionals who specialize in reproductive health.
Recognizing Complications
Please reach out to your healthcare provider immediately if you experience any of the following:
Heavy Bleeding
If you are bleeding 7 so much that you need to use two thick sanitary pads every hour for two hours straight, or if you are worried about heavy bleeding, contact your healthcare provider right away. In rare cases (about 1 in 100 women), bleeding can be so heavy that it may require a surgical procedure.
Abdominal Pain or Feeling Unwell
If you have stomach pain or discomfort8 , or if you feel sick (such as weakness, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea), especially if these symptoms occur more than 24 hours after taking misoprostol, contact your healthcare provider immediately. These symptoms could be a sign of a serious infection or another issue, like an ectopic pregnancy (a pregnancy outside the womb).
Fever
If you have a fever of 100.4°F or higher that lasts more than 4 hours after your treatment, get in touch with your healthcare provider right away. This could be a sign of a serious infection 9 or another problem.
Considering Other Options
It’s important to note that the FDA does not recommend10 taking the abortion pill past 10 weeks or 70 days after pregnancy.
Moreover, medication abortion may not be suitable for everyone. It’s important to consider all available options based on your circumstances. Other options for pregnancy also include adoption and parenting.
ThriVe offers support after abortion resources. Reach out to us, we are here for you!
In-Clinic Procedures
These include vacuum aspiration (available up to 13 weeks of pregnancy) and dilation and evacuation (D&E), which is typically performed after 13 weeks. Healthcare professionals conduct these procedures in a clinical setting.
Consultation with Healthcare Providers
Ensure you speak with a healthcare professional to find the best treatment plan for your condition. They are equipped to offer comprehensive details on various methods, outlining expectations, possible risks, and the necessary follow-up care.
Safety and Risks of Abortion Pills
A medical abortion, like any medical procedure, carries some risks.11 Understanding the risks and how to manage them can help you make an informed decision:
Incomplete Abortion
In some cases, the abortion may be incomplete,12 meaning that some pregnancy tissue remains in the uterus. This can lead to prolonged bleeding and may require additional medication or a surgical procedure to complete the abortion.
Infection
There is a small risk of infection following a medication abortion. Signs of infection include severe abdominal pain, fever, and foul-smelling vaginal discharge. Should you notice any of these symptoms, seek medical attention promptly.
Heavy Bleeding
While some bleeding is normal, excessive bleeding (soaking through two or more pads per hour for two consecutive hours) is a sign that you need immediate medical care.
Emotional Effects
The emotional impact of an abortion varies from person to person. Feelings of relief, sadness, guilt, or mixed emotions are common. It’s important to have access to emotional support and counseling if needed.
Pre-Abortion Screening Available in St Louis
You have the power to make choices, embrace freedom, and follow your dreams. We are here to assist you and ensure that you make the best decision for yourself.
Learn more about your options and schedule an appointment today to receive ThriVe’s services.
